Aggressive Native
Girdling, done properly, offers nearly 100% control.
Alternative control practices:
Chemical: basal bark, cut stubble, cut stump, foliar
Mechanical: forestry mower, light mower, chainsaw, clearing saw
Rx fire: seedlings highly susceptible, adults negatively-impacted
Biocontrol: grazing offers limited control
Note: Alternative control practices often cause suckering.
