Origin: Non-native
Distribution and Commonness: wide-spread, common
Habitat: especially problematic in dry soils, full-sun to light shade
Growth Form: clonal forb
Common Vector: machinery, suckering
Notes: Control practices often cause suckering. Very difficult to control without considerable damage to natural community.
Additional control practices:
Chemical: Typical herbicides have limited effectiveness. foliar, wick
Mechanical: mowing useful as prep for herbicide applications
Rx fire: seedlings highly susceptible, very limited negative impact to adults
